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Tag: collegestudents

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Title IX

Your Right Under Title IXt: Pregnant and Parenting

Importance of not being discouraged out of education when pregnant and parenting?

Going through pregnancy and/or parenting is very hard work for anyone however it should never be the end of someone’s education and consequently their earning potential. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019 saw the lowest record of teen births at 16.7 per 1,000 females. While lower, disparities in teen birth rates are still two times higher in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black teens than in non-Hispanic White teens. Only about 50% of teen mothers receive a high school diploma by the age of 22 compared to 90% of women who do not give birth during adolescence graduate high school. A high school diploma is the most fundamental stepping stone to provide for a family in our economy.

The majority of students in higher education or trade schools are in prime child bearing years and require equally the same support to reach their degree to better provide. According to The Pregnant Scholar, the average age of post doctorates reaching their first permanent position is nearing 40 years old. They report childbirth and parenting have been identified as the main reason young female scientists drop out of the academic pipeline before obtaining their first job. Their findings indicate women in sciences who marry with children are 35% less likely to enter a tenure track than men with children and 27% less likely to achieve tenure.
A Student becoming a parent can be a powerful motivator to become the best versions of themselves. When schools honor this motivation and harness it through strategic pregnant and parenting assistance, they will improve education outcomes which will benefit the community as a whole. Title IX allows us to supporting the endgame each parent deserves, the ability to graduate from their respective program to provide for their family and contribute to the economy.

Definitions/Applicable Laws
The federal laws protecting pregnancy and parenting are Title IX, American Disability Act (ADA), Civil Rights laws and possibly FMLA. Title IX implements regulations and bars discrimination on the basis of pregnancy and parental status. It creates requirements specifically to pregnant and parenting students, as well as employees. In addition, Title IX requires schools treat pregnancy and all related conditions like any other temporary disability. Next, ADA prohibits disability discrimination and requires an institution to make reasonable accommodations. While pregnancy itself is not a disability, many pregnancy-related impairments and complications may qualify. Then, local and state Civil Rights Laws apply when supporting everyone who is parenting because it prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Lastly, students working on campus, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (or Title VII) prohibits employment discrimination based on current, past, potential, intended pregnancy, and/or medical conditions related to pregnancy or childbirth. And the Family Medical Leave Act applies for working students to take leave.

Who is covered?
Title IX’s definition is someone who is or was pregnant which includes protections related to: pregnancy, childbirth, termination of pregnancy, false pregnancy and/or recovery of, specifically working with the individual with the medical condition. However, best practice policies regarding parenting should include all parenting, regardless of sex, be provided with the same leave or accommodation for taking a supporting role in the situation. Mother-only caretaking leave policies are prohibited because they treat students differently on the basis of sex. Policy should not differentiate between birth-mothers, birth-fathers, adoptive or other parents.

What is covered under Title IX?
Schools must:
Under Title IX a pregnant and parenting student is provided access to school and extracurricular activities. Within the classroom, this environment is free from harassing comments related to family status, negative statements, and assumptions regarding the pregnancy. Medically necessary leave related to pregnancy, birth or other related conditions are to be excused with the ability to make up exams, assignments and missed participation points regardless of missed class policy. During leave, schools need to treat the student’s leave as leave, anything due during leave is pushed back and they need the same amount of time as other students to complete the assignment. Accommodations also allow the ability to revisit schedules, meetings and group activities as needed. When the student returns, they are reinstated in the same program, at the same point of the program and same standing they left the program. If there are alternative program or school for the pregnant and parenting student those must be completely voluntary to the student to engage in. Regarding extracurricular activities, only the student and their doctor can decide if it’s appropriate for them to participate or continue to participate through pregnancy. Other example accommodations can be, seating assignments close to the door for bathroom use, closer parking spot, ability to sit instead of standing in lab, different desk type, access to a typist or note taker due to pregnancy related difficulties, access to an elevator, and extended breaks or exam time to accommodate nursing /pumping, bathroom use, or eating. The school has to provide the same special services as temporarily disabled students to pregnant and parenting students. For example, if distance/remote learning is available for disabled students then its available for pregnant and parenting students. Lastly, the student is not required to provide a note for anything unless it is required for all other disabled students. At no point does the doctor need to disclose personal medical information.

As your schooling is a valuable part of your journey and goals- ask yourself: What do you need to help complete what needs to get done?

About the Author

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Kalli Foster is a Resource Navigator in the Safe Office at Rice University

Categories
Title IX

Reimagining Primary Prevention of Sexual Violence on College Campuses

College Students standing for change, primary prevention
College Students standing for change, primary prevention

Primary prevention is a term many are unfamiliar with unless they come from a public health background. It is also often misunderstood as risk reduction, which is implementing techniques that may reduce the likelihood that a potential victim experiences a sexual assault and sends a message that potential victims are the ones responsible for preventing an assault, not the perpetrator. For example, women and girls specifically are often encouraged to watch their drink, never walk alone at night, carry pepper spray and dress conservatively. Risk Reduction also perpetuates the myth that most sexual assaults are committed by a stranger, even though research informs us that at least 80% of sexual assault are committed by someone we know and trust. On the other hand, primary prevention is solely focused on creating a culture in which individuals would never consider sexually assaulting or harming another person. This is the heart of the mission of our movement, to end violence.

In order to prevent violence, we must consider the root cause of sexual violence, which is oppression. This means that our primary prevention programming on campuses or communities must be rooted in an anti-oppression framework that intentionally addresses racism, heterosexism, classism, sexism, and ableism. All of which we see on a daily basis in our communities. The promotion of strict gender roles, male entitlement, and victim-blaming culture also significantly contribute to the normalization of sexual violence. In order to engage in social norms change and anti-oppression work, our efforts must be community-led, meaning turning to the very folks who are disproportionally affected by this form of violence, BIPOC, and LGBTQ+ survivors of sexual violence. Presentations, workshops, and informational materials are helpful in developing a campus’s understanding of sexual violence, but they do little to change the social norms, attitudes, and behaviors that support sexual violence. Primary prevention work requires community organizing.

To begin this work, campuses can identify an internal department or partner with a community-based domestic and sexual violence organization to kick off a community-based program. The next step will be recruiting individuals within the campus who are passionate about the prevention of sexual violence and anti-oppression work. Advertise the opportunity widely on multiple different platforms and illicit feedback from student organizers already on campus on how to frame your messaging. Once you have a group of young people committed to this effort, building trust amongst one another is essential. Campuses can support this programming by providing food or monetary compensation to the participants. Organizing work is time-consuming and can be exhausting, to support retention individuals need to be compensated for their efforts. Basic informal, interactive training should be provided to all participants concerning community organizing principles, the root causes, and dynamics of sexual violence, bystander intervention, and primary prevention of sexual violence. The group will then begin to consider how they can promote protective factors on campus on reducing risk factors.

Our protective factors against sexual violence are a sense of connection, empathy, and a belief in equity for all individuals. With these protective factors in mind, the group can begin organizing events, activities, and discussions on campus that promote a sense of connection for folks. This can simply look like hosting fun and engaging events where all are welcome. Or it can look like holding listening sessions, or circle discussions concerning creating a more equitable environment on campus centering the voices of BIPOC and LGBTQ+ students.

Bystander intervention education and awareness can focus on the intervention of microaggressions and harmful comments that condone or support violence.
If reducing and eventually eliminating sexual violence from our communities is the goal, we must begin addressing the root causes of sexual violence. Let’s shift away from simply intervening in harmful behaviors and encouraging potential victims to protect themselves as much as possible, and instead consider how we are supporting efforts that shift harmful attitudes and beliefs to ones that are supportive of the respect and safety of all individuals. Let’s start with ourselves first, and commit to a lifetime of critical self-reflection and examination of our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that may or may not support a future of liberation.

About the Author

Jessica-Bellant-Prevention-and-Education-Director-1
Jessican Bellant is the Prevention and Education Director at the Bridge Over Troubled Waters.
Categories
Title IX

Title IX Lessons from my Sisters

Family smiling and posing together with a text block that says "My sisters were constant reminders about fairness and fair play"
Family smiling and posing together with a text block that says "My sisters were constant reminders about fairness and fair play"

As we celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Title IX Amendments of 1972, I am reminded of lessons my sisters emphasized regarding the general idea of fairness. As a youngster, I was never aware that it took the passage of Title IX to usher in requirements that opened the doors for women not just in sports, but in higher education.

I grew up with six sisters and it never dawned on me that such legislation was necessary. My sisters were constant reminders about fairness and fair play especially when it involved household chore assignments. Looking back, my sisters’ intentions never pointed out differences based on our sex. No, it was always about fairness in the chores assigned by our parents. In particular, “If I can wash dishes and do laundry, we all should be treated fairly.” As you may imagine, I hated chores, especially cleaning dishes and washing household laundry.

Title IX remains important legislation today because Title IX reminds us about the fundamental belief that everyone should be treated fairly regardless of their sex. Our individual sex should never be a consideration when opportunities are given, work is assigned and/or performed, or when facilities and equipment are utilized. The attention must be on individuals performing the same tasks regardless of their sex.

The 50th Anniversary should keep us committed to the work that remains necessary. Even though we still encounter challenges with Title IX and the work ahead, I am encouraged about the future. When I read about the phenomenal success of women in sports, academia, and employment I hear my sisters say, “If I can wash dishes and do laundry, we should all be treated fairly.” My sisters’ statement keeps me optimistic about the future for Title IX and the expectation that my granddaughter, great-nieces and nephews will be viewed not based on their sex, but on the similarities with the work and activity, they perform.

Finally, as we celebrate the 50th Anniversary of Title IX, I would like to especially thank my sisters. Before I knew anything about Title IX, my sisters were a steady reminder about fairness not based on one’s sex, but the simple view that we all should be treated fairly, especially when it involved household chores.

About the Author

Dr Bobby Brown

Dr. Bobby Brown is the Title IX Coordinator at Texas Southern University

Our Mission:
To improve Harris County’s response to domestic violence, we lead efforts to build collaborative systems and innovative programs that increase access to services and safety.
Our Vision:
We envision a community where all persons have relationships that are safe, healthy, and free from domestic violence.
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